A directional passive air sampler for monitoring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air mass

A passive air sampler was developed for collecting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air mass from various directions. The airflow velocity within the sampler was assessed for its responses to ambient wind speed and direction. The sampler was examined for trapped particles, evaluated quantitatively for influence of airflow velocity and temperature on PAH uptake, examined for PAH uptake kinetics, calibrated against active sampling, and finally tested in the field. The airflow volume passing the sampler was linearly proportional to ambient wind speed and sensitive to wind direction. The uptake rate for an individual PAH was a function of airflow velocity, temperature and the octanol-air partitioning coefficient of the PAH. For all PAHs with more than two rings, the passive sampler operated in a linear uptake phase for three weeks. Different PAH concentrations were obtained in air masses from different directions in the field test.     

固定源可凝结颗粒物稀释采样器的设计

固定污染源烟气排放进入大气环境后稀释降温,气相中部分饱和蒸气压较低的组分转化为可凝结颗粒物,这部分颗粒物在固定源烟气颗粒物监测中通常被忽略.为评价固定源可凝结颗粒物的排放情况,本文设计开发并评测了一套稀释采样器.稀释采样器稀释比在10：1~40：1范围内,混合停留时间为5~10 s.实验室评测结果表明,稀释气颗粒物背景值低（（~0.1±0.08） 个·cm^-3）,稀释采样器气密性良好,烟气和稀释气能够均匀混合,颗粒物损失较少,细颗粒物 （PM_2.5）损失在5%以下.本稀释采样器能模拟烟气与环境空气混合降温过程,可用于固定源可凝结颗粒物的测量.     

Preliminary air pollution monitoring in San Miguel, Buenos Aires

Passive diffusion samplers were employed in San Miguel(Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area) for a preliminary airpollution monitoring. The highest loads were observedin downtown, compared with an urban background site.Total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) varied from0.257 to 0.033 mg cm^-2 month^-1; dust was examinedfor particle nature and size distribution. A similartrend was observed for nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) andTSPM spatial distribution, suggesting that traffic isthe major pollution source. Sulphur dioxide (SO₂)values were low and rather homogeneous. Levels for theinvestigated pollutants are below EPA's guide linevalues. Geographic (flat area, near to Rio de LaPlata) and climatologic factors (rainfalls andvariable wind directions) contribute to disperse pollutants.     

山地生态系统的脆弱性与荒漠化

荒漠化已成为全球性社会环境问题,它与脆弱的生态环境有密切关系。山地系统在景观上为农林交错带,生态系统的脆弱性表现在具有内生型脆弱性、对植被的依附性、景观过渡性以及落后的生产力等方面,荒漠化较严重。作者通过对坡面级联系统以及系统内部的反馈机制分析,讨论了山地荒漠化的运行机制,并进一步就荒漠化的防治提出几点想法。     

被动式采样器在大区域大气VOC监测中的应用

应用VOC被动式采样器监测了地中海东部塞浦路斯岛大气中挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds,VOC)的浓度。通过岛上设置的80个VOC采样点对苯,甲苯,对、邻、间二甲苯(Benzene、Toluene、o-xylene、m,p-xylene,BTX)数次采样及分析结果表明,其被动采样器中BTX回收率>95%,BTX平行实验的相对标准偏差<6.28%,采样和分析方法准确。得到的污染物分布图较准确地反映了塞浦路斯岛实际污染情况。     

扩散法测定环境空气中的二氧化硫

介绍了利用自制分子扩散式个体采样器 ,监测环境空气中的二氧化硫的方法 ,该方法改 PRA光度法为离子色谱法 ,提高了方法的灵敏度。经实验室性能评价能够满足实验室测试的要求。并经有动力的溶液吸收管法现场对比测试 ,两种测试方法结果一致     

环状扩散管-分级采样器的建立和细粒子酸性的测定

建立了国内第一台扩散管－分级采样器，用来研究大气气胶溶胶的组成和细粒子的酸性，实验证明该采样系统能够有效地避免大气中的碱性物质对颗粒物采样的干扰。在北京，湖南等地进行了现场实验，测定了气溶胶的酸性。     

浅析被动采样器监测环境空气质量数据的可比性

对被动采样器与空气自动站监测环境空气质量进行了全年的对比实验,并对大量的监测数据进行了规范的处理分析。结果表明,被动采样器在环境条件持续稳定满足采样条件时,被动采样器与自动站监测结果无显著性差异;在环境条件不能持续稳定满足采样条件时,二者监测结果有显著性差异,但仍有较大的相关性。     

水和废水中含油水样的成套采集技术研究──一种新型适用的含油水样采样器

在查阅大量文献的基础上，分析总结了现有采样器的优缺点，并依据采集有代表性含油水样的理论要求，设计制作了一种独具特色而又科学适用的新型合油水样采样器。本采样器可用于采集含油水样和其它水样。     

一种淡水大型底栖无脊椎动物采样器研究

研制出一种长方体的十字筐采样器,在采样器内分别填装石、砂、底泥和水草4种基质,利用大型底栖无脊椎动物对生境的选择性进行样本被动采集。基质越多,采样器采集的生物种类越多,生物量也更丰富。用新研制的十字筐采样器和传统的篮式采样器对松花江流域7个采样点进行大型底栖无脊椎动物对比采样,结果显示:十字筐采样器是一种优良的采样器,适合在松花江流域乃至全国推广应用。